Chapter 22 Clinical Chemistry Tests

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  9. Rudolph JA, Spier SJ, Byrns G, et al. 1992. Periodic paralysis in quarter horses: a sodium channel mutation disseminated by selective breeding. Nat Genet 2:144. PUBMED Abstract
  10. Ziemer EL, Parker HR, Carlson GP, et al. 1987. Clinical features and treatment of renal tubular acidosis in two horses. J Am Vet Med Assoc 190:294. PUBMED Abstract
  11. Ziemer EL, Parker HR, Carlson GP, et al. 1987. Renal tubular acidosis in two horses: diagnostic studies. J Am Vet Med Assoc 190:289. PUBMED Abstract
  12. Constable PD. 2003. Hyperchloremic acidosis: the classic example of strong ion acidosis. Anesth Analg 96:919. PUBMED Abstract
  13. Freestone JF, Carlson GP, Harrold DR, et al. 1989. Furosemide and sodium bicarbonate-induced alkalosis in the horse and response to oral KCl or NaCl therapy. Am J Vet Res 50:1334. PUBMED Abstract
  14. Beyer MJ, Freestone JF, Reimer JM, et al. 1997. Idiopathic hypocalcemia in foals. J Vet Intern Med 11:356. PUBMED Abstract
  15. Speirs VC. 1980. Arteriovenous and arteriocentral venous relationships for pH, PCOM2, and actual bicarbonate in equine blood samples. Am J Vet Res 41:199. PUBMED Abstract
  16. Carlson GP, Bruss ML. 2008. Fluid-electrolyte and acid-base balance. In Kaneko JJ, Harvey JW, Bruss ML (eds), Clinical biochemistry of domestic animals, ed 6. Academic Press Elsevier, New York.
  17. DiBartola SP. 2012. Introduction to acid-base disorders. In DiBartola SP (ed), Fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base disorders in small animal practice, ed 4. Elsevier Saunders, St Louis, MO.
  18. deMorais HAS, Constable PD. 2012. Strong ion approach to acid base disorder. In DiBartola SP, Fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base disorders in small animal practice, ed 4. Elsevier Saunders, St Louis, MO.
  19. Stick JA, Robinson NE, Krehbiel JD. 1981. Acid-base and electrolyte alterations associated with salivary loss in the pony. Am J Vet Res 42:733. PUBMED Abstract
  20. Rumbaugh GE, Carlson GP, Harrold DR. 1981. Clinicopathologic effects of rapid infusion of 5% sodium bicarbonate in 5% dextrose in the horse. J Am Vet Med Assoc 178:267. PUBMED Abstract
  21. Krapf R, Beeler I, Hertner D, et al. 1991. Chronic respiratory alkalosis. The effect of sustained hyperventilation on renal regulation of acid-base equilibrium. N Engl J Med 324:1394. PUBMED Abstract
  22. Bleul U, Schwantag S, Stocker H, et al. 2006. Floppy kid syndrome caused by D-lactic acidosis in goat kids. J Vet Intern Med 20:1003. PUBMED Abstract
  23. Lorenz I. 2009. D-Lactic acidosis in calves. Vet J 179:197. PUBMED Abstract
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  25. Fencl V, Rossing TH. 1989. Acid-base disorders in critical care medicine. Annu Rev Med 40:17. PUBMED Abstract
  26. Carlson GP. 1995. The interrelationships between fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance during maximal exercise. Equine Vet J Suppl 18:261.
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  28. Stämpfli HR, Carlson GP. 2001. How to use routine serum biochemical profile to understand and interpret acid-base disorders in the horse. AAEP proceedings 47:257.
  29. Stämpfli HR, Oliver O, Pringle JK. 2012. Clinical evaluation of an oral electrolyte solution formulated based on strong ion difference (SID) and using propionate as the organic anion in the treatment of neonatal diarrheic calves with strong ion acidosis. Open J Vet Med 2:34.
  30. Stämpfli HR, Misiaszek S, Lumsden JH, et al. 1999. Weak acid concentration Atot and dissociation constant Ka of plasma proteins in racehorses. Equine Vet J Suppl 30:438. PUBMED Abstract
  31. Stämpfli HR, Constable PD. 2003. Experimental determination of net protein charge and A(tot) and K(a) of nonvolatile buffers in human plasma. J Appl Physiol 95:620.
  32. Constable PD, Stämpfli HR. 2005. Experimental determination of net protein charge and A(tot) and K(a) of nonvolatile buffers in canine plasma. J Vet Intern Med 19:507. PUBMED Abstract
  33. Constable PD. 1997. A simplified strong ion model for acid-base equilibria: application to horse plasma. J Appl Physiol 83:297. PUBMED Abstract
  34. Constable PD, Hinchcliff KW, Muir WW. 1998. Comparison of anion gap and strong ion gap as predictors of unmeasured strong ion concentration in plasma and serum from horses. Am J Vet Res 59:881. PUBMED Abstract
  35. Constable PD, Stämpfli HR, Navetat H, et al. 2005. Use of a quantitative strong ion approach to determine the mechanism for acid-base abnormalities in sick calves with or without diarrhea. J Vet Intern Med 19:581. PUBMED Abstract
  36. McGorum BC, Murphy D, Love S, et al. 1999. Clinicopathological features of equine primary hepatic disease: a review of 50 cases. Vet Rec 145:134. PUBMED Abstract
  37. Kalaitzakis E, Panousis N, Roubies N. 2010. Clinicopathological evaluation of downer dairy cows with fatty liver. Can Vet J 51:615. PUBMED Abstract
  38. Rolinski B, Küster H, Ugele B, et al. 2001. Total bilirubin measurement by photometry on a blood gas analyzer: potential for use in neonatal testing at the point of care. Clin Chem 47:1845. PUBMED Abstract
  39. Steffey EP, Giri SN, Dunlop CI, et al. 1993. Biochemical and haematological changes following prolonged halothane anaesthesia in horses. Res Vet Sci 55:338. PUBMED Abstract
  40. Lewis LD, Phillips RW, Elliott CD. 1975. Changes in plasma glucose and lactate concentrations and enzyme activities in the neonatal calf with diarrhea. Am J Vet Res 36:413. PUBMED Abstract
  41. Hollis AR, Furr MO, Magdesian KG, et al. 2008. Blood glucose concentrations in critically ill neonatal foals. J Vet Intern Med 22:1223. PUBMED Abstract
  42. Roeder BL, Schaalje B, Kelly EJ, et al. 1996. A rapid method for determination of blood glucose concentration in cattle. J Am Vet Med Assoc 208:707. PUBMED Abstract
  43. Hassel DM, Hill AE, Rorabeck RA. 2009. Association between hyperglycemia and survival in 228 horses with acute gastrointestinal disease. J Vet Intern Med 23:1261. PUBMED Abstract
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  45. Constable PD, Gelfert CC, Fürll M, et al. 2009. Application of strong ion difference theory to urine and the relationship between urine pH and net acid excretion in cattle. Am J Vet Res 70:915. PUBMED Abstract
  46. Lefebvre HP, Dossin O, Trumel C, et al. 2008. Fractional excretion tests: a critical review of methods and applications in domestic animals. Vet Clin Pathol 37:4. PUBMED Abstract

Useful Websites for Clinical Chemistry

  1. Acid-base program, Stämpfli. [WWW page]. http://www.uoguelph.ca/~pjf/1.4.html, accessed Nov 18, 2013.
  2. Online clinical pathology textbook. Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Health Diagnostic Center. [WWW page]. http://ahdc.vet.cornell.edu/Sects/ClinPath/modules/INDEX.HTM, accessed Nov 18, 2013.
  3. Stewart PA. 1981. P.A. Stewart's original book online: How to understand acid-base: a quantitative acid-base primer for biology and medicine. Elsevier, New York. [WWW page]. http://www.acidbase.org/index.php?show=sb, accessed Nov 18, 2013.